NADAR! ADS



Qual é o limite absoluto para atletas humanos? O que diz a ciência...

Katie Ledecky ganhou sete medalhas de ouro olímpicas e 19 medalhas de ouro em campeonatos mundiais, a maior marca na história de uma nadadora

Autores

  • Alberto Dolci University of Westminster

Palavras-chave:

Limites, Natação, Esportes, Treinamento, Recorde Mundial

Resumo

As Olimpíadas de 2016 chegaram ao fim e vimos a quebra de 19 recordes mundiais diferentes, alguns por margens impressionantes. A nadadora norte-americana Kate Ledecky quebrou o recorde de 800 metros livre, que ela mesma havia estabelecido anteriormente, por quase dois segundos – uma margem gigantesca em comparação com os décimos e centésimos de segundos que muitas vezes decidem o sucesso olímpico. À medida que continuamos a nadar mais rápido, pular mais alto e arremessar mais longe do que nunca, essas performances nos deixaram imaginando o quanto o desempenho atlético pode ser impulsionado.

Muitos tentaram estabelecer quais são os limites absolutos para o desempenho humano e a ciência pode nos fornecer algumas pistas sobre o que eles poderiam ser e quando provavelmente os alcançaremos.

Biografia do Autor

Alberto Dolci, University of Westminster

Líder do curso MSc Sport & Exercise Nutrition, Palestrante em Exercício e Fisiologia Ambiental e Imunologia do Exercício

Referências

(1) Wekimedia Commons [Internet].Ledecky before her last individual high school race.; 2015. [cited 2022 Nov 04]; Available from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ledecky_High_School.jpg

(2) The Telegraph [Internet]. Saint John; 2016 Aug 22. Rio Olympics 2016 in numbers: what made this GB‘s best Games and how many records were broken?; [cited 2022 Nov 7]; Available from: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/olympics/2016/08/22/rio-olympics-2016-in-numbers-what-made-this-gbs-best-games-and-h/.

(3) Dyer KF. Social influences on female athletic performance. Journal of Biosocial Science [Internet]. 1976 Apr [cited 2022 Nov 7];8(2):123 - 129. DOI 10.1017/S0021932000010555. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-biosocial-science/article/abs/social-influences-on-female-athletic-performance/B511FF810C14BD9D3219F166641997D9

(4) Lippi G, Banfi G, Favaloro EJ, Rittweger J, Maffulli N. Updates on improvement of human athletic performance: focus on world records in athletics. British Medical Bulletin [Internet]. 2008 Sep [cited 2022 Nov 7];87(1):7–15. DOI 10.1093/bmb/ldn029. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article/87/1/7/339265

(5) Wikipedia [Internet]. [place unknown]; 2022 Oct 28. List of world records in athletics; [cited 2022 Nov 7]; Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_world_records_in_athletics

(6) Norton K, Olds T. Morphological Evolution of Athletes Over the 20th Century. Sports Medicine [Internet]. 2001 Feb [cited 2022 Nov 7];31(11) DOI 10.2165/00007256-200131110-0000. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kevin-Norton-3/publication/11766594_Morphological_Evolution_of_Athletes_Over_the_20th_Century/links/0912f51143a64601d9000000/Morphological-Evolution-of-Athletes-Over-the-20th-Century.pdf

(7) Schumacher A, Kapranov P, Kaminsky Z, Flanagan J, Assadzadeh A, Yau P, et al. Microarray-based DNA methylation profiling: technology and applications. Nucleic Acids Res [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2022 Nov 8];34(2):528–542. DOI 10.1093/nar/gkj461. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1345696/.

(8) The Conversation [Internet]. Melbourne; 2016 Aug 09. How do Olympic athletes learn to handle the heat?; [cited 2022 Nov 8]; Available from: https://theconversation.com/how-do-olympic-athletes-learn-to-handle-the-heat-63438

(9) Thein LA, Thein JM, Landry GL. Ergogenic aids. Phys Ther [Internet]. 1995 May [cited 2022 Nov 8];75(5):426-439. DOI 10.1093/ptj/75.5.426. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7732086/.

(10) BBC [Internet]. London; 2016 Jan 11. Athletics doping crisis: UK Athletics wants to reset world records; [cited 2022 Nov 9]; Available from: https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/35277793

(11) Berthelot G, Thibault V, Tafflet M, Escolano S, El Helou N, Jouven X, et al. The Citius End: World Records Progression Announces the Completion of a Brief Ultra-Physiological Quest. PLoS ONE 2006;3(2):e1552; [cited 2022 Nov 9]; Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0001552

(12) Berthelot G, Thibault V, Tafflet M, Escolano S, El Helou N, Jouven X, et al. The Citius End: World Records Progression Announces the Completion of a Brief Ultra-Physiological Quest. PLoS ONE 2006;3(2):e1552. Table of predicted WR asymptotic value, year of the 99.95% limit, credibility intervals and period number per event. Women and men are respectively symbolized by (W) and (M). C&J are Clean and Jerk weight lifting events. Two versions of the Track women 100 m are presented, version 1 includes the last WR, version 2 leaves it out.

(13) The Conversation [Internet]. Melbourne; 2016 Aug 08. Explainer: what is gene doping – and will any athletes at Rio 2016 have tried it?; [cited 2022 Nov 8]; Available from: https://theconversation.com/explainer-what-is-gene-doping-and-will-any-athletes-at-rio-2016-have-tried-it-63230

Publicado

2022-11-09

Como Citar

1.
Dolci A. Qual é o limite absoluto para atletas humanos? O que diz a ciência. Nadar! Swim Mag [Internet]. 9º de novembro de 2022 [citado 29º de abril de 2024];2(165). Disponível em: https://revistanadar.com.br/index.php/Swimming-Magazine/article/view/40

ARK

NADAR! ADS