NADAR! ADS
Efeito de Diferentes Tipos de Treinamento de Força no Desempenho de Natação em Nadadores Competitivos
Uma Revisão Sistemática
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Palavras-chave:
Especificidade, Natação, Treinamento, Desempenho, Treinamento de forçaResumo
Background
O treinamento de força é amplamente utilizado na natação para melhoria no desempenho. Existem várias maneiras de embarcar no treinamento de força, que em diferentes graus segue o princípio da especificidade. Existem divergências na literatura sobre quais métodos de treinamento levam a maiores melhorias de desempenho e até que ponto o treinamento de resistência deve ser específico para natação para transferir para o desempenho na performance.
Objetivo
O estudo foi realizado para examinar [1] como diferentes abordagens de treinamento de força para nadadores competitivos podem melhorar o desempenho na natação e [2] qual forma de treinamento de força resultou na mais relevante melhoria no desempenho da natação.
Métodos
Uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi realizada usando as seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, SPORTDiscus e Scopus. Os estudos eram elegíveis se atendessem aos seguintes critérios: [1] intervenções de treinamento com duração superior a 3 semanas que investigassem os efeitos do treinamento de força no desempenho da natação, [2] envolvessem nadadores experientes ou jovens, [3] envolvessem treinamento de resistência para natação específico na água (Figura 1), treinamento de resistência semelhante à natação fora da água ou treinamento de força não específico fora d'água e [4] intervenções com resultados claros pré e pós-teste declarados. Artigos em língua não inglesa foram excluídos. A mudança percentual e a dimensão do efeito (ES) entre grupos foram calculados para comparar os efeitos de diferentes intervenções de treinamento.
Resultados
Uma série de estudos que investigam diferentes métodos de treinamento de força foram examinados. A mudança percentual no desempenho e ES entre grupos foram calculados; 27 estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A revisão não revelou um consenso claro sobre qual método de treinamento de força foi o mais benéfico para o desempenho na natação. Todos os métodos tiveram grupos de intervenção que aumentaram seu desempenho na natação.
Conclusões
Esta revisão mostra que a natação difere de outros esportes por ser praticada na água, e isso demanda uma forma específica de treinamento. Os resultados mostram que um regime combinado de natação e treinamento de força parece ter um efeito melhor no desempenho de natação do que uma abordagem de treinamento apenas de natação. Com base no princípio da especificidade e ganhos no desempenho na natação, não há uma conclusão clara, pois os três principais métodos de treinamento de força revelaram ganhos semelhantes no desempenho da natação de 2 a 2,5%.
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