O Efeito do Incentivo Verbal no Desempenho e na Fadiga Muscular na Natação

Luca  Puce; Carlo Trompetto; Antonio  Currà; Lucio  Marinelli; Laura  Mori; Marco  Panascì; Filippo  Cotellessa; Carlo  Biz; Nicola Luigi  Bragazzi; Pietro  Ruggieri

Autores

Luca Puce Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy
Carlo Trompetto Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Italy
Antonio Currà Academic Neurology Unit, Ospedale A. Fiorini, Terracina, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
Lucio Marinelli Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Italy
Laura Mori Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Italy
Marco Panascì Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Italy - Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, University of Genoa, Italy
Filippo Cotellessa Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Italy - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Italy
Carlo Biz Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Italy
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, Canada
Pietro Ruggieri Orthopedics and Orthopedic Oncology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padova, Italy

Palavras-chave:

Eletromiografia De Superfície, Respostas Fisiológicas, Feedback Verbal, Motivação, Atletas De Elite, Otimização De Performance

Resumo

O encorajamento verbal (VE) pode ser usado para melhorar o desempenho em vários esportes, embora nenhum estudo tenha sido realizado em nadadores e apenas alguns efeitos tenham sido relatados em atletas de elite. Além de influenciar o desempenho motor, o VE também é conhecido por aumentar a carga física, aumentando potencialmente a probabilidade de desenvolver fadiga. Pensando nisso, este estudo teve como objetivo explorar os efeitos do VE em nadadores, a fim de preencher a lacuna de conhecimento sobre o meio aquático. Materiais e Métodos: Cada atleta nadou uma prova máxima de 200 m livre em duas condições diferentes: uma prova com VE e outra sem VE. As duas principais medidas de resultado foram: [1] velocidade de desempenho (m/s); e [2] fadiga muscular, investigada por meio de eletromiografia de superfície. Foram recrutados 60 nadadores, com idade de 18,63 ± 3,46 anos (mediana 18 anos), sendo 28 homens (47%) e 32 mulheres (53%), com 7,03 ± 3,9 anos de experiência. Resultados: Com VE, o desempenho melhorou significativamente na prova de natação (p < 0,001, tamanho do efeito (ES) -0,95, grande). Ao dividir os resultados na primeira metade (primeira (0–100 m) vs. segunda metade (100–200 m)), o ES foi grande na primeira parte (-1,11), indicando uma melhora no desempenho. Isso piorou, no entanto, na segunda parte do teste (ES 0,63). Na análise multivariada, os anos de experiência foram um preditor significativo da mudança no desempenho geral (p = 0,011). Houve um aumento significativo na fadiga muscular induzida por VE, em geral, e durante a segunda metade, mas não durante a primeira metade do teste. Conclusões: O presente estudo indica que o VE durante uma prova de meia distância (200 m) aumenta mais o desempenho em nadadores com pouca experiência. No entanto, tem um impacto negativo na fadiga.

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OBS.:

Artigo adaptado e traduzido para o português pelos editores de NADAR! SWIMMING MAGAZINE para republicação, conforme normas de submissão do periódico. Versão original em: https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/58/12/1709 LICENÇA ORIGINAL E DA ADAPTAÇÃO: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.