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Rumo à prevenção do doping no esporte juvenil
Análise transversal dos correlatos da tendência ao doping na natação
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Palavras-chave:
performance, desempenho, puberdade, conquista, conhecimento, doping, WADAResumo
A dopagem ("doping") é reconhecida como um dos problemas mais importantes no desporto, mas um número limitado de estudos investigou problemas de dopagem em atletas jovens. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a tendência ao doping (comportamento potencial de doping (PDB)) e correlatos do PDB em nadadores jovens. Os participantes foram 241 nadadores competitivos (131 mulheres; 15,3 ± 1,1 anos, todos menores de 18 anos). As variáveis incluíram preditores e PDB (critério). Os preditores consistiam em fatores sociodemográficos (sexo e idade), variáveis relacionadas ao esporte (ou seja, experiência na natação e desempenho esportivo), variáveis que explicam a estratégia e metodologia de treinamento, consumo de suplementos dietéticos (SD), conhecimento sobre doping e conhecimento sobre esportes, nutrição e DS (KSN). Além das estatísticas descritivas e das diferenças entre os sexos, foi calculada uma regressão multinomial usando PDB como critério (PDB negativo, neutro ou positivo, com PDB negativo como valor de referência) para definir associações entre preditores e critério. Com apenas 71% dos nadadores declararando resultados negativos do PDB revelou-se um cenário alarmante. Meninos com melhor KSN foram mais negativamente orientados para o PDB positivo (OR: 0,77, IC 95%: 0,60–0,95). Nas meninas, o menor desempenho competitivo foi evidenciado como fator de risco para PDB neutro (OR: 0,39, IC 95%: 0,24–0,63). Além disso, foram identificados maiores PDB neutro (OR: 0,88, IC 95%: 0,81–0,96) e positivo (OR: 0,90, IC 95%: 0,83–0,99) em meninas que iniciaram o treinamento intensivo em idades mais jovens. Devido aos números alarmantes do PDB, há uma necessidade evidente de desenvolvimento de programas sistemáticos de educação antidopagem na natação juvenil. Ao fazê-lo, a atenção deve ser colocada nas garotas que começaram o treino intensivo numa idade mais precoce e naquelas que não alcançaram resultados competitivos elevados.
Artigo integrante da Edição Especial "NUTRIÇÃO E SUPLEMENTAÇÃO EM NATAÇÃO E ESPORTES AQUÁTICOS"
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NOTA
Artigo adaptado e traduzido para o português pelos editores de NADAR! SWIMMING MAGAZINE para republicação, conforme normas de submissão do periódico. Versão original em: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/23/4851 LICENÇA ORIGINAL E DA ADAPTAÇÃO: © 2019 by the authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, D.M.; Data curation, D.S. (Dorica Sajber) and S.L.; Formal analysis, S.L.; Investigation, D.S. (Dorica Sajber), J.R. and S.L.; Methodology, D.S. (Dorica Sajber), D.M., J.R., and D.S. (Damir Sekulic); Project administration, D.S. (Dorica Sajber); Writing—original draft, D.M. and D.S. (Damir Sekulic).
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Copyright (c) 2023 Dorica Sajber, Dora Maric, Jelena Rodek, Damir Sekulic, Silvester Liposek
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
