Influência de um Programa Aquático Específico nas Habilidades Sociais e Motoras Grossas em Adolescentes com Transtornos do Espectro Autista: Três Relatos de Casos

Giuseppe  Battaglia; Gianna  Agrò; Pietro  Cataldo; Antonio  Palma; Marianna  Alesi

Autores

Giuseppe Battaglia University of Palermo
Gianna Agrò University of Palermo
Pietro Cataldo University of Palermo
Antonio Palma University of Palermo
Marianna Alesi University of Palermo

Palavras-chave:

Transtornos do Espectro Autista, natação, terapia aquática, habilidades sociais, exercício, coordenação motora grossa

Resumo

Atividades na piscina revelam-se eficazes para treinar habilidades psicomotoras e melhorar comportamentos adaptativos em crianças com Transtornos do Espectro Autista (TEA). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia de uma terapia aquática multissistêmica específica (CI-MAT) nas habilidades motoras grossas e sociais em três adolescentes com Transtornos do Espectro Autista (TEA). Métodos: três adolescentes com TEA sendo dois meninos (M1 com idade cronológica de 10,3 anos e idade mental de 4,7 anos; M2 com idade cronológica de 14,6 e idade mental inferior a 4 anos) e uma menina com idade cronológica de 14,0 e idade mental inferior a 4 anos). O estudo foi dividido em três fases: linha de base, programa CI-MAT de 12 semanas e pós-teste. Os participantes foram submetidos a uma bateria de testes incorporando medidas antropométricas, teste de desenvolvimento motor grosso e um questionário de habilidades sociais antes e depois de um programa CI-MAT de 12 semanas. Resultados: Os sujeitos melhoraram as habilidades locomotoras e de controle de objetos seguindo o programa CI-MAT de maneiras diferentes. No que diz respeito aos comportamentos sociais, a maior proporção de ganhos foi observada na sensibilidade à presença do outro e ao contato visual, para o domínio de contatos, e no cumprimento, para o domínio de relacionamentos. Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que o programa CI-MAT foi eficaz para o desenvolvimento de habilidades motoras grossas e comportamentos sociais em sujeitos com TEA. Além disso, observa-se uma necessidade de realizar uma avaliação psicológica completa visando o desenvolvimento motor e adaptativo adequado para fornecer planos educacionais e vocacionais de exercícios para pessoas com TEA.

Biografia do Autor

Giuseppe Battaglia, University of Palermo

Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo/
Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo/Regional Sports School of CONI, Italy

Gianna Agrò, University of Palermo

Department of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Palermo, Italy

Pietro Cataldo, University of Palermo

Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Italy

Antonio Palma, University of Palermo

Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo/
Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo/Regional Sports School of CONI/Study Center of University Sports Center of Palermo (CUS Palermo), University of Palermo, Italy

Marianna Alesi, University of Palermo

Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo/
Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Italy

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Imagem ilustrativa. FONTE: Image by freepik

Article adapted and translated into Portuguese by the editors of NADAR! SWIMMING MAGAZINE for republication, in accordance with the periodical's submission rules.